Optimization of new fuzzy logic controller by genetic algorithm for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic system

Maximum power point tracking [MPPT] is the main solution to reduce the power loss in the photovoltaic [PV] system when temperature and solar ir-radiance variation occurs. This paper proposes a new intelligent control technique using fuzzy logic controller [FLC] and optimization of its parameters by Genetic Algorithm [GA] to obtain the maximum available power of PV module under unstable conditions. Performance of the conventional fuzzy logic controller is compared with new and optimized maximum power point tracker. Simulation results demonstrated better operation of the optimized fuzzy logic controller under variable weather conditions in comparison with conventional FLC

Effect of KTP laser on surgically resected adenomas of prostate

Transurethral resection of prostate [TURP] is the most common urological operation performed. Regarding the complications of this surgery, studies are looking for alternative endoscopic techniques in order to reduce risk of complications. Use of high energy lasers is the most promising method for managing patients with benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH]. In this study, we evaluated the effect of homemade KTP laser on resected prostate adenoma after open prostatectomy. A total of forty resected prostate adenoma by open prostatectomy, assigned in to the study groups. One part of specimens without any intervention was sent to the pathology department and the rests divided to four KTP dose response groups [10 patients in each group]. The prostate specimens were ablated by KTP laser in one, two, three, and four sessions according to their number of subgroups. Prostate tissue was irradiated by 5-watt KTP laser for 15 seconds in each stage. All prostate specimens ablated with laser were sent to pathology for evaluation of tissue ablation capacity and tissue penetration depth. Mean age of the participants was 73.25 +/- 6.8 years with mean serum level PSA of 3.65 +/- 2.1 ng/dl. 1 to 2 mm of the tissue was ablated at each session of laser administration. In pathologic examination, 0 to 2 mm of tissue destruction with disappearance of nuclei of the cells, basophilia of the stroma, and damaged tissue [cutter like effect] were witnessed. Findings were compatible with burn effect. KTP laser prostatectomy is a safe and effective procedure with low risk of complications in which bladder outlet obstruction symptoms will relieve. According to our study, extra penetration of prostate tissue during laser irradiation is rare. This finding could be suggestive this theory that KTP laser has little risk of capsule perforation

Fistula repair after hypospadias surgery using buccal mucosal graft

The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of urethrocutaneous fistula repair using buccal mucosal graft in patients with a previous hyposadias repair. We reviewed records of our patients with urethrocutaneous fistula developed after hypspadias repair in whom buccal mucosal graft fistula repair had been performed. All of the patients had been followed up for 24 postoperative months. A successful surgical operation was defined as no fistula recurrence or urethral stricture. Retrograde urethrography and urethrocystoscopy would be performed in patients who had any history of decreased force and caliber of urine or any difficulty in urination. Fistula repair using buccal mucosa patch graft had been done in 14 children with urethrocutaneous fistula developing after hypospadias reconstruction. The mean age of the children was 8.70 +/- 1.00 years old [range, 4 to 11 years]. Seven fistulas were in the midshaft, 4 were in the penoscortal region, and 3 were in the coronal region. Repair of the fistulas was successful in 11 of 14 patients [78.6%]. In the remaining children, the diameter of the fistula was smaller than that before the operation, offering a good opportunity for subsequent closure. Our findings showed that fistula repair using buccal mucosal graft can be on the acceptable techniques for repairing fistulas developed after hypopadias repair

Desmopressin as an alternative solution for urinary leakage after ureterocaliceal surgeries

Presistent urine leakage is common following iatrogenic urinary collecting system injuries. Management of a urine leak usually includes manipulations such as catheter drainage, ureteral stenting, and percutaneous nephrostomy placement. The aim of this study was investigation the potential beneficial effect of desmopressin in reduction of urinary leakage duration. Fifteen patients with incisional urinary leakage were enrolled in this study. They had undergone pyeloplasty [n = 9], pyelolithotomy [n = 4], and ureterocaliceal anastomosis [n = 1]. All of them had ureteral stenting or nephrostomy catheters, and urinary leakage had lasted for at least 15 days. Seven patients received desmopressin spray, 1 puff, twice a day, from the 16th days of urinary leakage, and 8 patients [control group] did not receive any medical treatment. The duration of urinary leakage was compared between the two groups. The patients were 5 women and 10 men with the median age of 37 years [range, 26 to 58 years]. None of the patients had urinary obstruction. There were no significant differences in age and sex distribution between the two groups. The mean urinary leakage duration was 28.7 +/- 7.2 days in the patients of desmopressin group and 47.7 +/- 8.8 days in those of the control group [P= .04]. Our study showed that desmopressin can reduce the duration of incisional urinary leakage. We conclude that patients with prolonged urinary leakage after pyelocaliceal surgery who does not respond to surgical urinary drainage may benefit from desmopressin

B-cell lineage study in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA] is the most common rheumatic disease in children. The exact causes of disease are still poorly understood. It seems that B cells have several functions in JIA, including production of autoantibodies, antigen presentation, production of cytokines, and activation of T cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate B-cell lineage and its precursors in the bone marrow of patients with JIA Twenty consecutive patients with JIA were enrolled in this study. JIA is subdivided into three groups of Pauciarticular, Polyarticular, and Systemic JIA. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were separated. Then we analyzed the immunophenotype of the JIA patients by flow cytometry. After separation, the mononuclear cells were stained specific for B cell lineage [CD10, CD19 and CD20], T cell lineage [CD3] and non specific lineage [CD34, HLA-DR and TdT]. Flow cytometric study of bone marrow showed that JIA patients had low level of CD10, CD19, and CD20.Polyarticular patients had lower level of D10, CD19, and CD20 than pauciarticular JIA patients and systemic onset JIA patients had lower levels than both of them. Decreasing of B cell precursor in bone marrow is one of mechanisms for pathogenesis of JIA and the more decreased B cell precursors in bone marrow are, the worst severity of the disease is. Significant differences in CD10 content of bone marrow were detected between the polyarticular and pauciarticular groups. So, it seems that polyarticular JIA patients had lower percentage of pre B cell stage